Introduction

<aside> ℹ️ This page is meant to explore the public perception of stakeholders that directly experience racism or are indirectly affected through the systemic reach of discrimination. The contents highlight current conscious and unconscious perspectives of discrimination and specific challenges pertinent to their collective groups. Larger ethnic groups in Canada such as Black people and Indigenous people are considered. For clarity on general definitions throughout the page, please see the FAQs at the bottom of the page.

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Indigenous Peoples

What does discrimination mean to Indigenous Peoples?

Indigenous peoples are a group in Canada that report experiencing very high levels of racism compared to other minority groups. Indigenous people also feel less positively about race relations than other racialized peoples.

Many struggles of identity are also similar to those of Black Canadians, yet are rooted in other historical forms of colonial racism. The effects of residential schools and assimilation from previous federal policies still persist. While Indigenous peoples continue to grapple with Indigenous identities in Canadian society, they report the highest levels of consciously downplaying their race and culture compared to other groups.

Further exploration of Indigenous identities in a multicultural nation can be explored on the page about Indigenous Issues and Multiculturalism Policy.

Source: Canadian Race Relations Survey 2019

Black Canadians

What does discrimination mean to Black Canadians?

In comparison to other racialized groups, Black Canadians are especially prone to racism. About 2/3 of Black people have reported experiencing racism in Canada. Some instances are shown to especially affect lower-income individuals. As a result, lower-income Black Canadians report experiencing racism more often over time.